The original black and white images of the glycocalyx above were colorized to provide greater detail and clarity. Colorization helps to distinguish various structures and components within the glycocalyx, making it easier to identify and analyze specific features

  • Cross-section of a capillary blood vessel shows extensive dimension of the glycocalyx in a healthy blood vessel.

  • High magnification showing the dimension of the glycocalyx's several fold thickness of the endothelium.

The glycocalyx, a complex layer of sugars and proteins coating the inner surface of blood vessels, plays a critical role in the health of cells, tissues, and organs through its influence on microcirculation. Microcirculation refers to the flow of blood through the smallest vessels in the body, the capillaries, which are crucial for delivering nutrients and oxygen to cells and removing waste products.

A Healthy vs Unhealthy Glycocalyx

The original black and white images of the glycocalyx above were colorized to provide greater detail and clarity. Colorization helps to distinguish various structures and components within the glycocalyx, making it easier to identify and analyze specific features

  • Healthy Glycocalyx

  • Unhealthy Glycocalyx

When the glycocalyx is healthy, it ensures efficient and smooth blood flow through capillaries, which make up 99% of the body's total circulatory system.

This optimal blood flow allows for the effective delivery of nutrients and oxygen to every cell and aids in the removal of toxins and waste products. Consequently, the cells, tissues, and organs maintain their health and function properly.

However, if the glycocalyx becomes damaged or compromised, this negatively impacts the microcirculation. The damaged glycocalyx leads to impaired capillary function, where blood flow is restricted or altered.

This reduction in microcirculation means that cells receive less oxygen and nutrients, and the removal of toxic waste products is hindered.​

Over time, this can contribute to the development of various diseases, as cells and tissues are unable to function optimally due to the lack of essential supplies and the buildup of harmful substances.

The Micro Vascular System 

Microscopic capillaries, making up 99% of our circulatory system, are essential for distributing oxygen and nutrients and eliminating toxins from the body. However, when the glycocalyx is impaired, this crucial capillary circulation is reduced, leading to the deterioration of cells, tissues, and organs, which can result in numerous diseases and eventual death.

Early Signs of Endothelial​Glycocalyx Dysfunction

Glycocalyx Dysfunction Begins a Spiral of Organ Starvation That Can Progress to Several Diseases and Conditions: